This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the organisations involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the railway sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of Eurofound’s studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations in the sector.

The approach of EU governments towards minimum wages started to change from the turn of the century and national minimum wages have risen sharply, particularly since the mid-2010s, becoming more binding and shaping wage dynamics more broadly. Drawing on recent Eurofound research, this policy brief examines how national minimum wage increases may affect employees’ pay levels, wage inequality, collective bargaining and the wider employment structure.

This year’s annual review presents the discussions around minimum wage setting that took place in the EU Member States and Norway during 2025 and led to the new rates for 2026. It includes information on countries with and without a national minimum wage. It provides data on the significant progress on national minimum wages over the past decade; minimum wages have typically outperformed inflation and there have been increases in average wages in most countries.

This year’s annual review presents the discussions around minimum wage setting that took place in the EU Member States and Norway during 2025 and led to the new rates for 2026. It includes information on countries with and without a national minimum wage. It provides data on the significant progress on national minimum wages over the past decade; minimum wages have typically outperformed inflation and there have been increases in average wages in most countries.