Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση

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Minimum wages for low-paid workers in collective agreements

In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and measurement framework was devised, a total of 692 collective agreements – related to 24 low-paid sectors of interest – were selected to be ‘fully coded’ and representative data on negotiated minimum pay were compiled for 24 EU Member States. Based on more than 3,202 renewal texts, time series of collectively agreed minimum rates were created from 2015 to 2022 for 19 countries.

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Just a matter of time? The ‘right to disconnect’

Achieving the right to disconnect is becoming a test case of the European Union’s commitment to social dialogue.

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Right to disconnect: Implementation and impact at company level

The rise in telework and more flexible working patterns, speeded up by the pandemic, has intensified concerns about an ‘always on’ culture and employees’ constant connection to their workplace, leading them to work additional and often unpaid hours. One of the solutions put forward to help address this issue is the introduction of a right to disconnect.

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Minimum wages: Non-compliance and enforcement across EU Member States – Comparative report

In the EU, non-compliance with statutory or negotiated minimum wages averages 6.93% or 1.3%, depending on the statistics used. The lowest national estimate is 0.01% in Belgium and the highest is 11.59% in Hungary. It mostly affects young workers, those on fixed-term or part-time contracts and those working for small companies. It is more common in services than in manufacturing, and is characterised by shorter working time. Member States monitor, enforce and promote compliance in similar ways, although with some differences. This report identifies hindering and enabling factors.

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Working time in 2021–2022

The most important changes in the regulation of working time in Europe in 2021 and 2022 were related to the transposition of two European directives: the Work–life Balance Directive and the Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions Directive. The reduction of working time and more specifically the four-day working week have been increasingly debated in many EU Member States. In 2022, the average collectively agreed working week in the EU stood at 38.1 hours.

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Υβριδική εργασία στην Ευρώπη: η έννοια και η εφαρμογή στην πράξη

Ο όρος "υβριδική εργασία" έγινε ευρύτερα γνωστός με την αύξηση της τηλεργασίας κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας COVID-19, καθώς οι επιχειρήσεις και οι εργαζόμενοι ξεκίνησαν συζητήσεις σχετικά με τους τρόπους οργάνωσης της εργασίας μετά την κρίση. Ο όρος χρησιμοποιείται ολοένα και περισσότερο για να περιγράψει καταστάσεις στις οποίες η εργασία (με δυνατότητα τηλεργασίας) εκτελείται σε δύο χώρους: στον συνήθη χώρο εργασίας (συνήθως στις εγκαταστάσεις του εργοδότη) και από το σπίτι (όπως κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας) ή σε άλλους χώρους.

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Δικαιώματα των εργαζομένων σε πλατφόρμες: Καθορισμός της θέσης του Συμβουλίου

Το Συμβούλιο είναι έτοιμο να αρχίσει διαπραγματεύσεις με το Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο για τη θέσπιση νέας νομοθετικής πράξης που θα βοηθήσει εκατομμύρια περιστασιακά απασχολούμενους εργαζόμενους να αποκτήσουν πρόσβαση σε εργασιακά δικαιώματα.

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Council adopts recommendation on adequate minimum income

This Council recommendation aims to combat poverty and social exclusion, and to pursue high levels of employment by promoting adequate income support by means of minimum income, effective access to enabling and essential services for persons lacking sufficient resources and by fostering labour market integration of those who can work.

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The rise in telework: Impact on working conditions and regulations

This report presents Eurofound’s research on telework during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. It explores changes in the incidence of telework, working conditions experienced by employees working from home and changes to regulations addressing issues related to this working arrangement. The findings reveal a rapid escalation of telework triggered by the pandemic: in 2021, 2 out of 10 European employees were teleworking – a figure that most likely would not have been reached before 2027 had the pandemic not occurred.

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